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Communities in RUIdeRA
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Publication
Advancing circular economy: Critical insights into waste biomass derived carbon electrodes for (bio)electrochemical water treatment
(ELSEVIER, 2024) Ramírez Vidal, Álvaro; Muñoz Morales, Martín; López Fernández, Ester; Fernández Morales, Francisco Jesús; Llanos López, Javier
The use of waste biomass as a precursor for carbon electrodes in electrochemical water treatment not only offers a resourceful solution to waste management challenges but also constitutes a substantial contribution to the circular economy. This study critically reviews recent advancements in utilizing waste biomass derived carbon materials for electrochemical water treatment, focusing on applications like electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (e-AOPs) and capacitive deionization. The versatility of carbon materials, with characteristics such as extensive specific surface areas, high electrical conductivity, and tunable hydrophobicity, positions them as pivotal for various electrochemical applications. This short review extends to bioelectrochemical systems (BES), highlighting the potential of waste-derived carbon materials to enhance BES electrode efficiency while significantly reducing manufacturing costs. The comprehensive assessment of recent developments provides insights into strengths and weaknesses in the use of these materials and future research directions for optimizing electro/bioelectrochemical water treatment processes on a broader scale.
Publication
Outstanding productions of peroxymonosulfuric acid combining tailored electrode coating and 3D printing
(ELSEVIER, 2023) Castro Castro, María del pilar; Montiel López, Miguel ángel; Gäbler , Jan; King , Hunter; Fernández Mena, Ismael; Sáez Jiménez, Cristina; Rodrigo Rodrigo, Manuel Andrés
In this work, the combination of a tailored design of electrode and electrochemical cell to produce peroxymonosulfuric acid (PMSA), also known as Caro's acid, is evaluated. For the electrode, a customized coating of BDD was deposited onto a niobium substrate. This electrode exhibited a good reproducibility and efficiency in the production of PMSA, thus promoting direct oxidation of sulfuric acid into Caro's acid and preventing the action of scavengers. The electrochemical cell was manufactured after the application of computer-aided design (CAD) combined with computational fluid-dynamics (CFD) simulation and 3D printing. The prototype, with an area of 25sqcm and a designed flowrate of 48 L/h, has been characterized with the evaluation of mass transfer coefficients and RDT curves, which demonstrate an outstanding performance with mass transport coefficients over 3·10-5 m s-1 without turbulence promoter. The cell equipped with the electrodes was tested in the production of Caro's acid enabling a remarkable production of 200 mM of peroxymonosulfuric acid in discontinuous operation mode with a coulombic efficiency (57.2 %) and energy Efficiency (10.67 mmolA-1 h-1). These values outperform the previous state-of-the-art works done in the field for undivided cells operated in discontinuous mode. The results obtained were successfully fitted to a phenomenological model for the generation of Caro's acid.
Publication
False Correlates of Nested Patterns: A Case Study Using Temporary Pond Microcrustaceans
(Wiley, 2009) Fernández Egido, Ana isabel; Angeler , David; Viedma Sillero, María Olga
Nestedness analysis is a popular tool for inferring spatial species distributions, and therefore has management and conservation relevance. Ecologists frequently compute nestedness and subsequently use Spearman rank correlations for inferring relationships between the observed nested ranks of sites with biogeographic and environmental variables. Using temporary pond microcrustaceans hatched from microcosms as a case study, this paper shows that the application of this method can be problematic. While the overall degree and significance of nestedness was robust against a statistical error, the results obtained from randomly generated matrices, in which community structure from the original microcrustacean incidence matrix was maintained (fixed rows –fixed columns constraints), showed that rank correlations of observed nested patterns can be vulnerable to a Type 1 error (detecting an effect when there is none). Using expected nestedness patterns derived from rarefied original matrices to control for sample size effects did not change this result. This problem may have arisen as a result of a quantitative bias related to the disproportionate impact of rank positions of individual ponds in the analysis. Future extensive simulations studies, involving different community structures, should help identify the general reliability of rank correlation results in nestedness analyses.
Publication
Landscape variables influencing forest fires in central Spain
(CSIRO publishing, 2011) Moreno Rodríguez, José Manuel; Viedma Sillero, María Olga; Zavala Espiñeira, Gonzalo; Luna Trenado, María Belén
In assessing fire risk, it is important to determine whether all areas in a landscape burn at similar rates. This goal is complicated by the limitations of burned-area data and the temporally dynamic nature of landscapes. We assessed the differential degree of forest-fire burning for six landscape variables (land-use–land-cover type, distances to roads and towns, topography (slope, aspect, elevation)), each comprising several categories. The study area (9555 km) was located in central Spain, and the study period covered 16 years. Landsat multispectral scanner images were used to annually map fire perimeters and to classify the landscape. We calculated an annual resource selection index for each category within a variable. The sizes and shapes of all fires occurring within a year were randomly distributed into the landscape 1000 times, and the corresponding resource selection index was calculated. This provided a null randomburning model against which we tested the actual resource selection index of the fires in each year. Pine woodlands showed consistent and significant positive fire selectivity, whereas deciduous woodlands showed consistent and significant negative selectivity. No differences in the resource selection indices of land-use–land-cover types were found between large (.100 ha) and small fires (,100 ha). Fires positively selected (resource selection index .1) areas at small or intermediate distances to towns and intermediate distances to roads. Selectivity for topographic variables was less marked. Our study demonstrates that landscape variables defining composition (land-use–land-cover type) or proximity to human influence are important factors for fire risk.
Publication
Fire severity in a large fire in a Pinus pinaster forest is highly predictable from burning conditions, stand structure and topography
(Springer, 2015) Quesada Rincón, Juan; De santis, a ,; Viedma Sillero, María Olga; Torres Galán, Iván; Moreno Rodríguez, José Manuel
Identifying what factors control fire severity in large fires is critical for understanding fire impacts and planning pre- and post-fire management. Here, we determined the role of pre-fire stand structure, directional topography, and burning conditions on fire severity ina largefire (12,697 ha) in Central Spain that burned a Pinus pinaster forest on July 2005. Fire severity was estimated using RdNBR based on Landsat 5 TMimages. Forest stand structurewas reconstructed by systematically sampling the burned area (n = 236). Burning conditions were established using weather information and a map of fire progression, based on which fire rate of spread and propagation direction were calculated. Topographic features in the direction of the fire-front were derived from a digital elevation model. Boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis was employed to relate each group of variables or the entire set to RdNBR.